Critical competition period of Parthenium hysterophorus L. in spring maize (Zea mays L.)
Rehman, A. Qamar, R. Safdar, M.E. Atique-ur-Rehman Javeed, H.M.R. Maqbool, R. Farooq, N. Shahzad, M. Ali, M. Tarar, Z.H.
Critical competition period of Parthenium hysterophorus L. in spring maize (Zea mays L.)
Publicação on-line; 43 ref. 4 tables; 3 illus.; Summary (En)
ABSTRACT
Background: Parthenium hysterophorus L., commonly known as
parthenium weed, poses severe economic and environmental hazards to
the agro-ecosystems of Pakistan.
Objective: To estimate the yield loss and critical competition period of
this weed in the spring sown maize crop.
Method: Field studies were conducted at an agronomic research area in
the College of Agriculture at the University of Sargodha in PunjabPakistan
during two consecutive year spring seasons (2014 and 2015).
Treatments were comprised of viz., control plots (weed free), and
parthenium competition durations of 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 weeks after crop
emergence (WAE), as well as weedy check for the full growing season of
the crop.
Results: Study results showed that the prolongation in parthenium
competition duration from 2 WAE to the full crop season resulted in an
increase in dry weight up to 541% and 450% in the years 2014 and 2015,
respectively. Plant height, stem diameter, biological yield, 1000 grain
weight and grain yield decreased significantly at 2 or more WAE
parthenium competition periods. The maximum reduction in plant height
(8.8 and 11.3%), stem diameter (30.6 and 12.7%), cob number m-2 (35.8
and 33.9%), grain rows cob-1 (26.6 and 29.4%), 1000 grain weight (15
and 9.8%), grain (34.1 and 39.1%) and biological yield (31.4 and 27.9%)
were recorded with the longest parthenium competition duration (6 WAE)
during the years 2014 and 2015, respectively.
Conclusion: Based upon the results above, it is concluded that the
critical competition period of parthenium in spring maize, as determined
by a three-parameter logistic model, is 17 to 28 and 16 to 26 days after
crop emergence during the years 2014 and 2015, respectively. Therefore,
this weed must be controlled during these periods in order to avoid
significant grain yield loss.
Keywords:
competition duration
parthenium
spring maize
yield loss
logistic model.
ERVA DANINHA
ZEA MAYS
MILHO
PERDA
RENDIMENTO
Critical competition period of Parthenium hysterophorus L. in spring maize (Zea mays L.)
Publicação on-line; 43 ref. 4 tables; 3 illus.; Summary (En)
ABSTRACT
Background: Parthenium hysterophorus L., commonly known as
parthenium weed, poses severe economic and environmental hazards to
the agro-ecosystems of Pakistan.
Objective: To estimate the yield loss and critical competition period of
this weed in the spring sown maize crop.
Method: Field studies were conducted at an agronomic research area in
the College of Agriculture at the University of Sargodha in PunjabPakistan
during two consecutive year spring seasons (2014 and 2015).
Treatments were comprised of viz., control plots (weed free), and
parthenium competition durations of 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 weeks after crop
emergence (WAE), as well as weedy check for the full growing season of
the crop.
Results: Study results showed that the prolongation in parthenium
competition duration from 2 WAE to the full crop season resulted in an
increase in dry weight up to 541% and 450% in the years 2014 and 2015,
respectively. Plant height, stem diameter, biological yield, 1000 grain
weight and grain yield decreased significantly at 2 or more WAE
parthenium competition periods. The maximum reduction in plant height
(8.8 and 11.3%), stem diameter (30.6 and 12.7%), cob number m-2 (35.8
and 33.9%), grain rows cob-1 (26.6 and 29.4%), 1000 grain weight (15
and 9.8%), grain (34.1 and 39.1%) and biological yield (31.4 and 27.9%)
were recorded with the longest parthenium competition duration (6 WAE)
during the years 2014 and 2015, respectively.
Conclusion: Based upon the results above, it is concluded that the
critical competition period of parthenium in spring maize, as determined
by a three-parameter logistic model, is 17 to 28 and 16 to 26 days after
crop emergence during the years 2014 and 2015, respectively. Therefore,
this weed must be controlled during these periods in order to avoid
significant grain yield loss.
Keywords:
competition duration
parthenium
spring maize
yield loss
logistic model.
ERVA DANINHA
ZEA MAYS
MILHO
PERDA
RENDIMENTO
BINAGRI