Publicação on-line; 27 ref.; 1 table; 1 illus.; Summaries (En, Pt)

RESUMO:

O patchouli possui óleo essencial nas folhas com utilização principalmente na
indústria de perfumaria. O objetivo foi avaliar o melhor tempo de extração de óleo essencial
de folhas secas de patchouli. Os tratamentos foram 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 e 8 horas de extração,
através do método de hidrodestilação, com aparelho graduado do tipo Clevenger e balões com
capacidade de 2 L.O delineamento foi inteiramente casualizado com três repetições. O material
destilado foi seco à sombra até atingir aproximadamente 20% de umidade. Para cada tratamento,
foram utilizadas amostras de 50 g de massa seca foliar. Foram avaliados o rendimento e a
composição do óleo essencial. Não houve diferença entre os diferentes tempos de extração no
rendimento de óleo essencial, podendo a extração do óleo essencial de patchouli ser realizada
com uma hora de extração. O tempo de extração aumenta as porcentagens relativas do betaguaieno
(0,81%), beta-patchouleno (1,26%), alfa-selineno (1,37%), cariofileno (2,44%), alfapatchouleno (3,08%)
e gama-patchouleno (4,82%). O teor de pogostol (5,11%) reduz com o aumento do tempo de extração.
O patchoulol, alfa-guaieno, alfa-bulneseno e seicheleno não
sofrem influencia do tempo de extração.

Palavras-chave: Pogostemon cablin, destilação, patchoulol

ABSTRACT:

Yield and composition of the patchouli (Pogostemon cablin) essential oil
according to the extraction time. Patchouli accumulatea an essential oil on its leaves, and it is
mainly used by the perfume industry. The purpose of this work was to determine the distillation
time for the extraction of essential oils from the leaves of patchouli. The treatments included 1,
2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 hours of extraction through the hydrodistillation method, using a Clevenger
apparatus. The experimental design was completely randomized with three replications. The
leaves were dried at room temperature until they reached 20% of humidity. The essential oil yield
was measured from samples containing 50g of leaf dry mass. The essential oil production and
composition were evaluated. No differences among the treatments were found on the essential
oil yield, suggesting that the essential oil extraction can be carried out for 1 hour according to
the experimental conditions. However, extending the extraction time, an increase in the relative
percentage of beta-patchoulene (1.26%), cariofilene (2.44%), gamma-patchoulene (4.82%),
alpha-patchoulene (3.08%), beta-guaiene (0.81%) and alpha-selinene (1.37%) was observed.
The pogostol (5.11%) content was reduced with the increase of the extraction time. Patchoulol,
alpha-guaieno, alpha-bulneseno and seicheleno contents were not affected by the evaluated
extraction times.

Keywords: Pogostemon cablin, hydrodestillation, patchoulol