<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<record
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim http://www.loc.gov/standards/marcxml/schema/MARC21slim.xsd"
    xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim">

  <leader>05009nab a2200325 i 4500</leader>
  <controlfield tag="003">BR-BrBNA</controlfield>
  <controlfield tag="005">20260210135054.0</controlfield>
  <controlfield tag="008">260210b2025    bl.ar|pooa||| 00| 0 eng |</controlfield>
  <datafield tag="040" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="a">BR-BrBNA</subfield>
    <subfield code="b">eng</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="072" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="a">F40</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="072" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="a">F63</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="100" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="a">Alves-de-Lima, Larissa </subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="100" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="a">Calixto, Eduardo Soares </subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="100" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="a">Oliveira, Marcos Lima de </subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="100" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="a">Novaes, Let&#xED;cia Rodrigues </subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="100" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="a">Silva, Diego Vin&#xED;cius Anjos </subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="100" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="a">Torezan-Silingardi, Helena Maura </subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="245" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="a">Phenolog y and reproductive ecolog y of Qualea parviflora ( Vochysiaceae) in the Brazilian Savanna</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="500" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="a">Publica&#xE7;&#xE3;o on-line; Bibliography p. 13-16 (101 ref.); 4 tables; 5 illus.; Summaries (En, Pt)</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="520" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="a">


Abstract

Qualea species (Vochysiaceae) are abundant and diverse in Brazilian savanna,
contributing to maintain ecological communities through interactions with
animals, mainly arthropods. Plant-pollinator interactions are fundamental to
sustain biodiversity in tropical ecosystems. The reproductive ecology of Qualea
parviflora is described, including its phenology, floral biology, floral lifespan, mating
system, and floral visitors in Brazilian savanna. Flowers exhibits enantiostyly and
are formed by one petal, one carpel, one pistil, and a spur formed by five fused
sepals. Annual flowering occurred during the rainy season in the study area
(October-November/2018). Each tree had 40&#xB1;17.65 inflorescences, 1.7&#xB1;1.1 open
flowers per inflorescence per day, diurnal anthesis, and flowers lasting just one
day. Flowers produced 9498.8&#xB1;49.43 pollen grains (85.5&#xB1;0.6% viability), and
nectar (0.51&#xB1;0.30 &#xB5;L; 31.86&#xB1;10.56% sugar concentration). Despite pollen/ovule
ratio suggesting optional autogamy, Q. parviflora exhibited a self-incompatible
and non-agamospermic reproductive mating system, indicating mandatory crosspollination. 
Forty-seven species (hummingbirds and insects) performed 420 floral
visits. Hymenoptera accounted for 69.9% of visits. Pollinators (middle size /big
bees, wasps, and hummingbirds), pollen and/or nectar robbers, herbivores and
predators were recorded. We highlight Q. parviflora depends on biotic pollination
and interacts with distinct floral visitors, reinforcing its ecological importance and
the need to consider pollinator availability in restoration projects.

Key words:
&#x2022; annual flowering
&#x2022; bee
&#x2022; floral visitors
&#x2022; hummingbird
&#x2022; self-incompatibility





Resumo

As esp&#xE9;cies de Qualea (Vochysiaceae) s&#xE3;o abundantes e diversas na savana
brasileira, contribuindo para manter as comunidades ecol&#xF3;gicas atrav&#xE9;s de intera&#xE7;&#xF5;es
com animais, especialmente artr&#xF3;podes. As intera&#xE7;&#xF5;es planta-polinizador s&#xE3;o
fundamentais para manter a biodiversidade em ecossistemas tropicais. A ecologia
reprodutiva de Qualea parviflora foi investigada, incluindo sua fenologia, biologia
floral, longevidade das flores, sistema reprodutivo e visitantes florais em uma &#xE1;rea
de savana brasileira. A esp&#xE9;cie apresentou enantiostilia, cada flor teve uma p&#xE9;tala,
um carpelo, um pistilo e um calcar formado por cinco s&#xE9;palas fundidas. A flora&#xE7;&#xE3;o
foi anual e aconteceu na esta&#xE7;&#xE3;o chuvosa (outubro-novembro/2018) na &#xE1;rea de
estudo. Cada &#xE1;rvore apresentou em m&#xE9;dia 40&#xB1;17,65 infloresc&#xEA;ncias e 1,7&#xB1;1,1 flores
abertas por infloresc&#xEA;ncia por dia. A abertura da flor ocorreu durante o dia, e cada 
flor durou apenas um dia. A flor produziu em m&#xE9;dia 9.498,8&#xB1;49,43 gr&#xE3;os de p&#xF3;len
(85,5&#xB1;0,6% viabilidade), 0,51&#xB1;0,30 &#xB5;L de n&#xE9;ctar e 31,86&#xB1;10,56% de concentra&#xE7;&#xE3;o
de a&#xE7;&#xFA;car. Apesar da raz&#xE3;o p&#xF3;len/&#xF3;vulo sugerir autogamia opcional, Q. parviflora
exibiu um sistema reprodutivo auto-incompat&#xED;vel e n&#xE3;o agamosp&#xE9;rmico, indicando
que a poliniza&#xE7;&#xE3;o cruzada &#xE9; obrigat&#xF3;ria. Quarenta e sete esp&#xE9;cies de insetos e beija-flores 
realizaram 420 visitas florais, com himeno&#xF3;pteros sendo respons&#xE1;veis por
69,9% das visitas. Polinizadores (abelhas m&#xE9;dias e grandes, vespas e beija-flores),
ladr&#xF5;es de p&#xF3;len e/ou n&#xE9;ctar, herb&#xED;voros e predadores foram observados. Nossos
resultados destacan que Q. parviflora depende de poliniza&#xE7;&#xE3;o realizada por animais
e &#xE9; capaz de interagir com uma alta diversidade de visitantes florais, o que refor&#xE7;a
sua import&#xE2;ncia ecol&#xF3;gica, assim como a necessidade de considerar a disponibilidade
de polinizadores nos projetos de restaura&#xE7;&#xE3;o do Cerrado.

Palavras-chave:
&#x2022; florada anual
&#x2022; abelha
&#x2022; visitantes florais
&#x2022; beija-flor
&#x2022; autoincompatibilidade</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="a">FLORA</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="a">ABELHA</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="a">BEIJA FLOR</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="a">FENOLOGIA</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="a">VOCHYSIACEAE</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="773" ind1="0" ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="0">709</subfield>
    <subfield code="9">360062</subfield>
    <subfield code="d">Rio de Janeiro-RJ Jardim Botanico do Rio de Janeiro 1935</subfield>
    <subfield code="o">2026-0452</subfield>
    <subfield code="t">Rodrigu&#xE9;sia (Brazil)</subfield>
    <subfield code="x">0370-6583; 2175-7860 on-line</subfield>
    <subfield code="g">v. 76 p. 1-16; (2025)</subfield>
    <subfield code="w">BR2025007538</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="856" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="u">https://www.scielo.br/j/rod/a/TjNRmVf9wyrwG7Yjm7KHRnt/?format=pdf&amp;lang=en</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="942" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="c">ANA</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="999" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="c">340054</subfield>
    <subfield code="d">340054</subfield>
  </datafield>
</record>
