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  <titleInfo>
    <title>Collection biases in aquatic macrophytes in Brazil: a case study with duckweed (Lemnoideae, Araceae)</title>
  </titleInfo>
  <name type="personal">
    <namePart>Sampaio, Fabiane Barral</namePart>
    <role>
      <roleTerm authority="marcrelator" type="text">creator</roleTerm>
    </role>
  </name>
  <name type="personal">
    <namePart>Pellegrini, Marco Octávio de Oliveira</namePart>
    <role>
      <roleTerm authority="marcrelator" type="text">creator</roleTerm>
    </role>
  </name>
  <name type="personal">
    <namePart>Cabral, Guilherme Sampaio</namePart>
    <role>
      <roleTerm authority="marcrelator" type="text">creator</roleTerm>
    </role>
  </name>
  <name type="personal">
    <namePart>Fares, Ana Luisa Biondi</namePart>
    <role>
      <roleTerm authority="marcrelator" type="text">creator</roleTerm>
    </role>
  </name>
  <name type="personal">
    <namePart>Pott, Vali Joana</namePart>
    <role>
      <roleTerm authority="marcrelator" type="text">creator</roleTerm>
    </role>
  </name>
  <name type="personal">
    <namePart>Gurgel, Ely Simone Cajueiro</namePart>
    <role>
      <roleTerm authority="marcrelator" type="text">creator</roleTerm>
    </role>
  </name>
  <name type="personal">
    <namePart>Michelan, Thaisa Sala</namePart>
    <role>
      <roleTerm authority="marcrelator" type="text">creator</roleTerm>
    </role>
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  <genre authority="marc">abstract or summary</genre>
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    <issuance>continuing</issuance>
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  <language>
    <languageTerm authority="iso639-2b" type="code">eng</languageTerm>
  </language>
  <abstract>

Abstract

Lemnoideae species (duckweed) are the smallest angiosperms in the world and typically
associated with lentic environments. The challenges in collecting this group and the limited
number of studies on this family result in a low number of Lemnoideae records. In this study,
we summarize the studies published in Brazil on Lemnoideae to understand the gaps and
advances in the research of this group. Information on herbarium records in online databases
were gathered in a single matrix to analyze the collection gaps of this group in Brazil. In
total, 1,019 records of Lemnoideae were obtained, coming from 22 states, five regions, and six
biomes. The largest number of records was found in the Center-West and Northeast regions,
areas with a greater sampling effort and higher number of specialists in the group. In contrast,
the North Region had a low number of records. This is a reflection of a lack of funding in
some regions as well as of botanical blindness that limit the knowledge about the ecological
potential of this group and hinder its identification. Thus, there is a clear distribution gap in
the knowledge and collections of duckweed in Brazil, underscoring the need to intensify the
collection efforts in under sampled areas in order to achieve a more accurate mapping of this
group’s diversity in the country.

Key words:
• Aquatic plants
• Amazon
• Plant awareness disparity
• Gaps of biodiversity
• Neotropical flora





Resumo

As espécies de Lemnoideae (lentilha-d'água) representam as menores angiospermas do mundo,
tipicamente associadas a ambientes lênticos. Os desafios na coleta deste grupo e o número
limitado de estudos sobre esta família resulta em um baixo nível de registros de Lemnoideae.
Neste estudo, resumimos os estudos publicados no Brasil sobre Lemnoideae para entender as
lacunas e avanços relacionados a este grupo. Informações sobre os registros de herbário em
bases de dados online foram reunidas em uma única matriz para analisar as lacunas na coleta
deste grupo no Brasil. No total, foram obtidos 1.019 registros de Lemnoideae, provenientes
de 22 estados, cinco regiões e seis biomas. O maior número de registros está concentrado nas
regiões Centro-Oeste e Nordeste, áreas com maior esforço amostral e número de especialistas no
grupo. Em contraste, a região Norte apresentou um número reduzido de registros. Isso reflete a
falta de financiamento em algumas regiões, juntamente com a cegueira botânica, o que limita o
conhecimento sobre o potencial ecológico deste grupo e dificulta a identificação. Dessa forma,
há uma clara lacuna na distribuição do conhecimento das coleções de lentilha-d'água no Brasil,
o que reforça a necessidade de intensificar os esforços de coleta em áreas subamostradas para
que se possa obter um mapeamento mais preciso da diversidade desse grupo no país.


Palavras-chave:
• Plantas aquáticas
• Amazônia
• Impercepção botânica
• Lacunas de biodiversidade
• Flora Neotropical</abstract>
  <note>Publicação on-line; 43 ref.; 2 tables; 2 illus.; Summaries (En, Pt)</note>
  <subject>
    <topic>PLANTA AQUÁTICA</topic>
  </subject>
  <subject>
    <topic>AMAZÔNIA</topic>
  </subject>
  <subject>
    <topic>BIODIVERSIDADE</topic>
  </subject>
  <subject>
    <topic>FLORA</topic>
  </subject>
  <relatedItem type="host">
    <titleInfo>
      <title>Rodriguésia (Brazil)</title>
    </titleInfo>
    <originInfo>
      <publisher>Rio de Janeiro-RJ Jardim Botanico do Rio de Janeiro 1935</publisher>
    </originInfo>
    <identifier>2026-0452</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">0370-6583; 2175-7860 on-line</identifier>
    <identifier type="local">BR2025007397</identifier>
    <part>
      <text>v. 76 p. 1-9; (2025)</text>
    </part>
  </relatedItem>
  <identifier type="uri">https://www.scielo.br/j/rod/a/QByH8dQy8988Pyw556KGG9H/?format=pdf&amp;lang=en</identifier>
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    <url>https://www.scielo.br/j/rod/a/QByH8dQy8988Pyw556KGG9H/?format=pdf&amp;lang=en</url>
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  <recordInfo>
    <recordContentSource authority="marcorg">BR-BrBNA</recordContentSource>
    <recordCreationDate encoding="marc">260218</recordCreationDate>
    <recordChangeDate encoding="iso8601">20260218142944.0</recordChangeDate>
    <languageOfCataloging>
      <languageTerm authority="iso639-2b" type="code">eng</languageTerm>
    </languageOfCataloging>
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