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  <titleInfo>
    <title>Physiological performance of seeds and level of herbicide residues depending on application of 2.4-D in wheat</title>
  </titleInfo>
  <name type="personal">
    <namePart>Aisenberg, G.R.</namePart>
    <role>
      <roleTerm authority="marcrelator" type="text">creator</roleTerm>
    </role>
  </name>
  <name type="personal">
    <namePart>Westendorff, N.R.</namePart>
    <role>
      <roleTerm authority="marcrelator" type="text">creator</roleTerm>
    </role>
  </name>
  <name type="personal">
    <namePart>Langaro, A.C.</namePart>
    <role>
      <roleTerm authority="marcrelator" type="text">creator</roleTerm>
    </role>
  </name>
  <name type="personal">
    <namePart>Vargas, L.</namePart>
    <role>
      <roleTerm authority="marcrelator" type="text">creator</roleTerm>
    </role>
  </name>
  <name type="personal">
    <namePart>Agostinetto, D.</namePart>
    <role>
      <roleTerm authority="marcrelator" type="text">creator</roleTerm>
    </role>
  </name>
  <typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource>
  <genre authority="marc">periodical</genre>
  <genre authority="marc">abstract or summary</genre>
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      <placeTerm type="code" authority="marccountry">bl</placeTerm>
    </place>
    <issuance>continuing</issuance>
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  <language>
    <languageTerm authority="iso639-2b" type="code">eng</languageTerm>
  </language>
  <abstract>

ABSTRACT - Horseweed control through application of 2.4-D in the winter season
is an alternative to manage biotypes resistant to herbicides that belong to other
mechanisms of action. The objectives of this study were to assess the physiological
quality of wheat seeds and determine the rate of 2.4-D residue, as function of
application stages and herbicide rates. The treatments were arranged in factorial
scheme, with three application stages (flowering, soft dough and hard dough), and
four 2.4-D rates (0; 504; 1,008 and 2,015 g a.i. ha-1). The application of 2.4-D in the
wheat crop changed physiological seed quality by increased the rate and total
percentage of germination. The application of 2.4-D resulted in herbicide accumulation
in seeds, especially when application was carried out at the soft dough stage. Also,
the increase in herbicide rate increased the level of residue in the seeds. However,
regardless of stage of application for 2.4-D and herbicide rate in use, the values of
residue found in the seeds were below the allowed maximum limit.

Keywords: Triticum aestivum, weeds, germination, dry matter.</abstract>
  <abstract>

RESUMO - O controle de buva através da aplicação de 2,4-D na estação hibernal
de cultivo é alternativa para o manejo de biótipos com resistência a herbicidas
pertencentes a outros mecanismos de ação. Os objetivos do estudo foram avaliar a
qualidade fisiológica das sementes de trigo e determinar o resíduo de 2,4-D, em
função do estádio de aplicação e de doses do herbicida. Os tratamentos foram
arranjados em esquema fatorial, sendo três estádios de aplicação (florescimento,
grão pastoso e massa firme) e quatro doses do herbicida 2,4-D (0, 504, 1.008 e
2.015 g i.a. ha-1). A aplicação de 2,4-D na cultura do trigo alterou a qualidade
fisiológica das sementes, resultando em aumento da velocidade e da porcentagem
total de germinação. A aplicação do 2,4-D resultou em acúmulo de resíduo do
herbicida nas sementes, principalmente quando a aplicação foi feita no estádio de
grão pastoso, e o aumento da dose herbicida elevou a concentração de resíduo.
Contudo, independentemente da época em que o 2,4-D foi aplicado, assim como
da dose utilizada, os valores de resíduo observados nas sementes encontraram-se
abaixo do limite máximo permitido.

Palavras-chave: Triticum aestivum, plantas daninhas, germinação, matéria seca</abstract>
  <note>Publicação on-line; 25 ref.; 3 tables; 1 illus.; Summaries (En, Pt)</note>
  <subject>
    <topic>TRITICUM AESTIVUM</topic>
  </subject>
  <subject>
    <topic>TRIGO</topic>
  </subject>
  <subject>
    <topic>ERVA DANINHA</topic>
  </subject>
  <subject>
    <topic>GERMINAÇÃO</topic>
  </subject>
  <subject>
    <topic>MATÉRIA SECA</topic>
  </subject>
  <relatedItem type="host">
    <titleInfo>
      <title>Planta Daninha (Brazil)</title>
    </titleInfo>
    <originInfo>
      <publisher>Londrina-PR: Sociedade Brasileira da Ciência das Plantas Daninhas, 1978</publisher>
    </originInfo>
    <identifier>2023-031022</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">0100-8358; 1806-9681 (on-line)</identifier>
    <identifier type="local">BR2023000005</identifier>
    <part>
      <text>v. 36 p. 1-9; (2018)</text>
    </part>
  </relatedItem>
  <identifier type="uri">https://www.scielo.br/j/pd/a/sSfpWWynGPnWqTBysfgJfsk/?format=pdf&amp;lang=en</identifier>
  <location>
    <url>https://www.scielo.br/j/pd/a/sSfpWWynGPnWqTBysfgJfsk/?format=pdf&amp;lang=en</url>
  </location>
  <recordInfo>
    <recordContentSource authority="marcorg">BR-BrBNA</recordContentSource>
    <recordCreationDate encoding="marc">230313</recordCreationDate>
    <recordChangeDate encoding="iso8601">20230904100745.0</recordChangeDate>
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      <languageTerm authority="iso639-2b" type="code">eng</languageTerm>
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