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  <titleInfo>
    <title>Chemical weed control in paddy fields inoculated with Azospirillum lipoferum</title>
  </titleInfo>
  <name type="personal">
    <namePart>Sedighi Kiasari, A.</namePart>
    <role>
      <roleTerm authority="marcrelator" type="text">creator</roleTerm>
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  <name type="personal">
    <namePart>Aminpanah, H.</namePart>
    <role>
      <roleTerm authority="marcrelator" type="text">creator</roleTerm>
    </role>
  </name>
  <name type="personal">
    <namePart>Sharifi, P.</namePart>
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  <genre authority="marc">abstract or summary</genre>
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    <languageTerm authority="iso639-2b" type="code">eng</languageTerm>
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  <abstract>

ABSTRACT - Herbicides, as a major part of weed control strategy in paddy fields,
have different impact on growth and activity of soil-beneficial bacteria such as
Azospirillum species. A field experiment was conducted at Sefid Rood Livestock and
Agricultural Company, northern Iran, to investigate the possibility of chemical weed
control in paddy fields inoculated with Azospirillum lipoferum. The experiment was
designed in a factorial arrangement based on a randomized complete block with three
replicates. The factors were Azospirillum application (inoculation with or without
Azospirillum lipoferum) and weed management regime (butachlor application with
supplementary hand-weeding, bensulfuron methyl application with supplementary
hand-weeding, combination of butachlor and bensulfuron methyl application with
supplementary hand-weeding, hand-weeding at 15, 30, and 45 days after
transplanting, and no weeding [not weeded during the rice-growing period). The
results showed that plants inoculated with A. lipoferum produced 19% higher grain
yield compared to plants that were not inoculated. The highest grain yields were
recorded for plots treated with butachlor with supplementary hand-weeding
(4,512 kg ha-1) and for those treated with a combination of butachlor and bensulfuron
methyl with supplementary hand-weeding (4500.5 kg ha-1). The lowest yield
(3494.3 kg ha-1) was recorded for weedy plots. No significant interaction was detected
between A. lipoferum application and weed management regime for grain yield,
indicating that the herbicides had no adverse effect on the efficiency of A. lipoferum
in promoting growth and grain yield of rice. There was no significant difference in
the dry weights of weed between inoculated and non-inoculated plots. The dry
weights of weed in hand-weeded and herbicide-treated plots were significantly lower
than that of the weedy plot. In conclusion, the result of this experiment confirms the
possibility of chemical weed control in paddy fields inoculated with A. lipoferum.

Keywords: beneficial bacteria, bensulfuron methyl, butachlor, paddy fields, weed
interference.
</abstract>
  <abstract>

RESUMO - Os herbicidas, como uma parte importante da estratégia de controle de
plantas daninhas em arrozais, têm diferentes impactos no crescimento e atividade
de bactérias benéficas para o solo, como as espécies de Azospirillum. Um
experimento de campo foi realizado no Sefid Rood Livestock and Agricultural
Company, norte do Irã, para investigar a possibilidade de capina química em
campos de arroz inoculados com Azospirillum lipoferum. O experimento foi
desenvolvido em esquema fatorial, com base em blocos casualizados com três
repetições. Os fatores foram a aplicação de Azospirillum (inoculação com ou sem
Azospirillum lipoferum) e o regime de manejo de plantas daninhas (butaclor –
aplicação com capina manual suplementar; bensulfuron-methyl – aplicação com
capina manual suplementar; combinação de butaclor e bensulfuron-methyl –
aplicação com capina manual suplementar, capina manual aos 15, 30 e 45 dias após o transplante e
sem capina [não eliminados durante o período de cultivo de arroz). Os resultados mostraram que
plantas inoculadas com A. lipoferum apresentaram rendimento de grãos 19% superior em comparação
com aquelas que não foram inoculadas. As maiores produções de grãos foram registradas para parcelas
tratadas com butaclor com capina manual suplementar (4.512 kg ha-1) e para aquelas tratadas com
uma combinação de butaclor e bensulfuron-methyl com capina manual suplementar (4.500,5 kg ha-1).
O menor rendimento (3.494,3 kg ha-1) foi registrado nos lotes que não foram capinados. Não houve
interação significativa entre a aplicação de A. lipoferum e o regime de manejo de plantas daninhas
para produção de grãos, indicando que os herbicidas não tiveram nenhum efeito adverso sobre a
eficiência de A. lipoferum na promoção do crescimento e produtividade de grãos de arroz. Não houve
diferença significativa nos pesos secos de plantas daninhas entre parcelas inoculadas e não inoculadas.
O peso seco de plantas daninhas em parcelas capinadas manualmente e tratadas com herbicidas foi
significativamente menor do que o do lote que não foi capinado. Em conclusão, o resultado desta
experiência confirma a possibilidade de capina química em campos de arroz inoculados com A. lipoferum.

Palavras-chave: bactérias benéficas, bensulfuron-methyl, butaclor, arrozais, interferência das plantas
daninhas.</abstract>
  <note>Publicação on-line; 42 ref.; 3 tables; 2 illus.; Summaries (En, Pt)</note>
  <subject>
    <topic>BACTÉRIA</topic>
  </subject>
  <subject>
    <topic>ARROZAL</topic>
  </subject>
  <subject>
    <topic>ERVA DANINHA</topic>
  </subject>
  <subject>
    <topic>HERBICIDA</topic>
  </subject>
  <relatedItem type="host">
    <titleInfo>
      <title>Planta Daninha (Brazil)</title>
    </titleInfo>
    <originInfo>
      <publisher>Londrina-PR : Sociedade Brasileira da Ciência das Plantas Daninhas, 1978</publisher>
    </originInfo>
    <identifier>2023-031022</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">0100-8358; 1806-9681 (on-line)</identifier>
    <identifier type="local">BR2023000085</identifier>
    <part>
      <text>v. 36 p. 1-11; (2018)</text>
    </part>
  </relatedItem>
  <identifier type="uri">https://www.scielo.br/j/pd/a/pn6BRPX5m5LPPmYW6BGV9Tc/?format=pdf&amp;lang=en</identifier>
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    <url>https://www.scielo.br/j/pd/a/pn6BRPX5m5LPPmYW6BGV9Tc/?format=pdf&amp;lang=en</url>
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    <recordContentSource authority="marcorg">BR-BrBNA</recordContentSource>
    <recordCreationDate encoding="marc">230424</recordCreationDate>
    <recordChangeDate encoding="iso8601">20230830105129.0</recordChangeDate>
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      <languageTerm authority="iso639-2b" type="code">eng</languageTerm>
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