000			03399nab a2200325 i 4500
003			BR-BrBNA
005			20250318142533.0
008			250318b2020 bl.ar|pooa||| 00| 0 eng |
040			_aBR-BrBNA _beng
072			_aP31
100			_aCarvalho Junior, Waldir de
100			_aPereira, Nilson Rendeiro
100			_aFernandes Filho, Elpidio Inacio
100			_aCalderano Filho, Braz
100			_aPinheiro, Helena Saraiva Koenow
100			_aChagas, Cesar da Silva
100			_aBhering, Silvio Barge
100			_aPereira, Vinicius Rendeiro
100			_aLawall, Sara
245			_aSample design effects on soil unit prediction with machine: randomness, uncertainty, and majority map
500			_aPublicação on-line; 37 ref.; 8 illus; 4 tables; Sumaries (En)
520			_a ABSTRACT: Notwithstanding the importance of soil surveys, advances in digital soil mapping have mainly focused on mapping soil attributes or properties rather than developing digital maps of soil units or soil classes. The purpose of this research was to develop digital soil unit maps based on primary soil data collection in areas without previously collected soil information. The covariate variability, the random effect across the data subset and the map outputs were the focuses of this study. We used five datasets with four models (Random Forest - RF, Gradient Boosted Machine - GBM, C5.0, and multinomial log-linear model - MLR). The covariates were grouped into five datasets, where four were grouped by Region Of Interest per Class (ROIC) and one was not grouped by ROIC. To evaluate the random effect to split the dataset, we ran each model 50 times and observed the overall accuracy (OA) and kappa index, and uncertainty, majority and variety maps. The OA of Dataset01 to 04 was lower than to Dataset05 accuracy. However, map outputs of RF and GBM for Dataset01 and Dataset05 had the same majority prediction. It seems that RF and GBM produce consistent results in map outputs according to this methodology and pedologist expertise. To evaluate the uncertainty and the consistency of soil unit prediction, we used the majority maps process. Random Forest, similar to GBM, presented the best results. The increase in the number of covariates was not a guarantee of improvement in the OA or in the quality of the map output. Geographic position and distance raster did not improve the map output according to expert evaluation. Because the variance between the ROICs, when the training and validation datasets were split based on it, the subsets are quite different in relation to the covariates, and this is the reason for the worse results of this model, comparing with the Dataset05. On the other hand, when considering one complete dataset not based on ROICs, the variance of training and validation subsets is lower and produced more accurate parameters of quality. Keywords: tree learners models, hillslope areas, random forest.
650			_aRECONHECIMENTO DO SOLO
650			_aANÁLISE DO SOLO
650			_aMAPA DIGITAL
773	0		_0808 _9345421 _dViçosa-MG Sociedade Brasileira de Ciência do Solo 1977 _o2024-5955 _tRevista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo (Brazil) _x0100-0683 _gv. 44 p. 1-21; (2020) _wBR2024004904
856			_uhttps://www.scielo.br/j/rbcs/a/TcxtYSFhcdNrrcLkBQJgwYL/?format=pdf&lang=en
942			_cANA
999			_c330489 _d330489